Are you using the full power of your scan tool?
Many technicians use a scan tool only to retrieve diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and look at parameter data, while overlooking other powerful features.
One of these overlooked features is bidirectional control, and most enhanced scan tools have this capability.
Bidirectional control is a generic term used to describe sending and receiving information between one device and another.
The vehicle engineers responsible for designing computer control systems programmed them so a scan tool could request information or command a module to perform specific tests and functions.
Some manufacturers refer to bidirectional controls as Active Test, Functional Tests, Actuator Tests, Inspection Tests, System Tests or the like. Reinitialization and reprogramming also can be included in the list of bidirectional controls.
The scan tool is the primary bidirectional control device and could actually be called a bidirectional tool, because it sends information to, and receives information from, vehicle control modules.
For example, in the case of OBD II generic information Mode 1 (which relates to data parameters), the scan tool user initiates a request for information from the powertrain control module (PCM), and the PCM responds by sending the information back to the scan tool for display.
Most enhanced scan tools also can actuate relays, injectors and coils, perform system tests, etc. Also, the technician can use these scan tools to turn the fuel pump on and off, cycle the a/c clutch on and off and perform an evaporative emissions leak test.
The available bidirectional controls for the specific vehicle could be listed under the scan tool’s Inspection Menu. The options programmed into both the vehicle and the scan tool will determine the range of options available.
When properly utilized, bidirectional component and system tests can significantly reduce your diagnostic time.
Consider a no-start situation. You’ve connected a fuel pressure gauge, cycled the key and cranked the engine, but no fuel pressure was measured.
At this point, you don’t know if the problem is a component, a circuit or command-related.
The scan tool you’re using has a fuel pump command available. Using the scan tool, command the fuel pump on. If the fuel pressure gauge now shows proper fuel pressure, you know the fuel pump circuit and pump are functioning properly.
Your diagnostic focus should move to the command side of the circuit. The PCM may not be receiving the necessary enabling criteria to active the fuel pump circuit. This may be caused by a faulty input sensor, low oil pressure, or some other factor.
The process described above would take less than five minutes. If you had to manually test the fuel pump circuit, it would likely take three times as long.
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If you don’t want to work only on older vehicles and limit yourself to just engine control systems, my advice is to get ready to invest a lot more money in bi-directional scan tools.
The benefits will far outweigh the cost in the long run.